Apa itu SIG ?

Apa itu SIG ???
SIG = Sistem Informasi Geografis

dalam bahasa inggrisnya :

What is a GIS ???
GIS :Geographic Information Systems


USGS - Global Geographic Information Systems

dalam Tutorial mengenai GIS (http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgis/tutorials/what_is_gis.htm)

What is a GIS?

Geographic Information Systems

In the strictest sense, a GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information (that is data identified according to their locations). Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that go into the system.

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GIS DEVELOPMENT - Tutorial dalam Overview mengenai GIS http://www.gisdevelopment.net/tutorials/

Overview of GIS

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer based information system used to digitally represent and analyse the geographic features present on the Earth' surface and the events (non-spatial attributes linked to the geography under study) that taking place on it. The meaning to represent digitally is to convert analog (smooth line) into a digital form.

"Every object present on the Earth can be geo-referenced", is the fundamental key of associating any database to GIS. Here, term 'database' is a collection of information about things and their relationship to each other, and 'geo-referencing' refers to the location of a layer or coverage in space defined by the co-ordinate referencing system.


Kemudian menuliskan sebuah link mengenai apa itu GIS :

http://www.geog.ubc.ca/courses/klink/gis.notes/ncgia/u01.html


What is a GIS?

• a particular form of Information System applied to geographical data
• a System is a group of connected entities and activities which interact for a common purpose
• a car is a system in which all the components operate together to provide transportation
• an Information System is a set of processes, executed on raw data, to produce information which will be useful in decision-making
• a chain of steps leads from observation and collection of data through analysis
• an information system must have a full range of functions to achieve its purpose, including observation, measurement, description, explanation, forecasting, decision-making
• a Geographic Information System uses geographically referenced data as well as non-spatial data and includes operations which support spatial analysis
• in GIS, the common purpose is decision-making, for managing use of land, resources, transportation, retailing, oceans or any spatially distributed entities
• the connection between the elements of the system is geography, e.g. location, proximity, spatial distribution
• in this context GIS can be seen as a system of hardware, software and procedures designed to support the capture,management, manipulation, analysis, modeling and display of spatially-referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems
• although many other computer programs can use spatial data (e.g. AutoCAD and statistics packages), GISs include the additional ability to perform spatial operations

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Defining GIS
A GIS is an information system designed to work with data referenced by spatial / geographical coordinates. In other words, GIS is both a database system with specific capabilities for spatially referenced data as well as a set of operations for working with the data. It may also be considered as a higher order map.

A typical GIS can be understood by the help of various definitions given below:-

• A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on Earth
• Burrough in 1986 defined GIS as, "Set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes"
• Arnoff in 1989 defines GIS as, "a computer based system that provides four sets of capabilities to handle geo-referenced data :
  data input
  data management (data storage and retrieval)
  manipulation and analysis
  data output. "

Hence GIS is looked upon as a tool to assist in decision-making and management of attributes that needs to be analysed spatially.

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sumber : usgs dan gisdevelopment

best regards,
Aji PP